Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and modeling, advantages and limitations, and future trends.
Coal can also be liquefied directly into liquid fuels through direct coal liquefaction (DCL) processes at around 450500 °C under 1530 MPa H 2 in a suitable solvent with appropriate catalysts [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ].
The use of highcarbonbased feeds to produce alternative fuels and valueadded chemicals is discussed. Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and modeling, advantages and limitations, and future trends.
CoaltoLiquids (CTL) is a technology based on the liquefaction of coal using three basic approaches; pyrolysis, direct coal liquefaction (DCL) and indirect coal liquefaction (ICL) [6] . Historical overview. CTL is an old technique, developed at the beginning of the 20 th century and has recently attracted attention once more.
The environmental footprint of coal liquefaction processes can usually be reduced by coprocessing coal and biomass and applying CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) technology but at the cost of higher ...
Coal liquefaction conversion to tetralinsoluble products was determined by changes in ash content in the partially reacted coal relative to that of the unreacted coal. ... A Novel Process of Biomass Gasification for HydrogenRich Gas with Solid Heat Carrier: Preliminary Experimental Results. ... (DCL) processes and technology for coal and ...
Coal can also be liquefied directly into liquid fuels through direct coal liquefaction (DCL) processes at around 450500 °C under 1530 MPa H 2 in a suitable solvent with appropriate catalysts [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. In many processes, the solvent used can facilitate the heat and mass transfer during chemical reactions, and function as a ...
The environmental footprint of coal liquefaction processes can usually be reduced by coprocessing coal and biomass and applying CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) technology but at the cost of higher ...
1Solidhydrocarbonfuelprocessingandtechnology103 4 Directliquefaction (DCL)processes andtechnology forcoalandbiomass conversion105 C. BurgessCliffordandC.
Fingerprint Abstract This chapter focuses on liquefaction of solids, primarily coal and biomass sources such as lignin. In a twostep process the molecular structure is broken into fragments and hydrogenated, increasing the hydrogentocarbon ratio and preventing retrogressive reactions.
In the DCL technology, coal is converted to liquid by adding hydrogen at high pressure and temperature. Various DCL technologies have been developed in last hundred years such as Solvent Refined Coal (SRC)I and SRCII, Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS), HCoal and catalytic twostage liquefaction (CTSL) [7], [8], [9], [10].
Introduction. Direct coal liquefaction (DCL), invented by Friedrich Bergius in 1913 [1], encompasses the catalytic conversion of coal by hydrogen and high temperatures in presence of a solvent and was used to produce transportation fuels on a commercial scale in the first half of the past century especially in Germany and Great Britain [2], [3], [4].
The separate characterization of biomass, coal, and their respective chars aimed at identifying the effect of sodium during different stages of combustion. ... Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) is a main pathway for converting lowrank coals into energy via thermochemical transformation [713], and DCL technology refers to conversion of solid ...
Transcript and Presenter's Notes. Title: Coal Conversion. 1. Coal Conversion Pathwayto Alternate Fuels. C. Lowell Miller. Director, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and. Clean Coal Fuels. Office of Fossil Energy Department of Energy. 2007 EIA Energy Outlook Modeling and Data.
Abstract: This chapter focuses on liquefaction of solids, primarily coal and biomass sources such as lignin. In a twostep process the molecular structure is broken into fragments and hydrogenated, increasing the hydrogentocarbon ratio and preventing retrogressive reactions. Solvents solubilize smaller molecular weight components and promote hydrogenation; catalyst improves hydrogenation ...
Since direct coal liquefaction (DCL) was invented, it has been a promising technology for the efficient utilization of coal resources and the mitigation of the oil crisis. ... on coal and biomass structure and examines the matching relationship between hydrothermal pretreatment and the thermal conversion process. The relationships between ...
Generally, Fig. 1 shows the distinct difference between the direct and indirect liquefaction processes. Importantly, DCL consists of many steps for the conversion of coal to PA (preasphaltenes) and AS (asphaltenes), and subsequently to gas, oil, and residue [60]. Download : Download highres image (180KB) Download : Download fullsize image ...
When considering the development of coal liquefaction process using syngas, in addition to the above typical processes, hydrothermal liquefaction process is a technology worthy of reference. Hydrothermal liquefaction [110], [111], [112] is an effective and emerging technology that can convert both coals and biomass containing high moisture ...
The liquefaction process of coal and biomass materials, which is known as "Coliquefaction", has not been developed in Malaysia. The yields and quality (especially H/C ratio) of the liquid products obtained from coal under less severe liquefaction conditions (at lower temperature and pressure) can be improved with coliquefaction of coal ...
In this process, coal with moderate amount of biomass is converted into syncrude through reaction with Hdonor solvent and gaseous hydrogen in a catalytic twostage liquefaction unit.
The term ''coaltoliquids'' (CTL) refers to conversion of solid coal into liquid fuels and chemicals through either of two principle,11 Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) involves ...
these biomass resources in one or the other way. With very few exceptions, all conversion processes for biomass produce solid, liquid, and gaseous products in varying yields and composition. Liquefaction could be generally defined as conversion process with the aim to produce liquid products (as primary product and/or with the highest yield).
Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion
Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and process is often known as "Coal to X" or "Carbon to X", where X can be many different hydrocarbonbased products. However, the most common process chain is "Coal to Liquid Fuels" (CTL).
The conversion of coal to products soluble in tetrahydrofuran correlated strongly with the initial rate of gas uptake. The cyclohexane conversion of coal was also catalyzed. ... (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. 2011, 105154. ... A new process for catalytic liquefaction of coal using dispersed MoS2 catalyst ...
To meet future demand in motor fuels, coal will play a key role in areas with large coal resources and lacking crude oils. Axens' direct coal liquefaction (DCL) process is available to produce ...
There are many liquefaction processes related to DCLS [26], [29], [31], [108], [109]. Several typical or highly referential liquefaction processes that have been reported are selected in this paper for introduction. As an illustration, a flow diagram of coal liquefaction process using syngas was proposed by Fu et al. [29], as shown in Fig. 14.
The use of highcarbonbased feeds to produce alternative fuels and valueadded chemicals is discussed. Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and modeling, advantages and limitations, and future trends.
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